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Identification, friend or foe (IFF) is an identification system designed for command and control. It enables military and national (civilian air traffic control) interrogation systems to identify aircraft, vehicles or forces as friendly and to determine their bearing and range from the interrogator. IFF may be used by both military and civilian aircraft. IFF was first developed during World War II. The term is a misnomer, as IFF can only positively identify friendly targets, not hostile ones.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.tellumat.com/defence/brochures/Combat%20ID%20Brochure-iff-systems.pdf )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/systems/iff.htm )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.baesystems.com/capability/BAES_034933/combat-identification-iff;baeSessionId=lUOsHFthnKZjrNiYOcZp8fOHzSYkBOBmgITLAyZ1n43O4vk89I0w!-1477725154?_afrLoop=1384411860922000&_afrWindowMode=0&_afrWindowId=null#!%40%40%3F_afrWindowId%3Dnull%26_afrLoop%3D1384411860922000%26_afrWindowMode%3D0%26_adf.ctrl-state%3Dy4fuh4igo_4 )〕 If an IFF interrogation receives no reply or an invalid reply, the object cannot be identified as friendly, but is not positively identified as foe. There are many reasons that friendly aircraft may not properly reply to IFF. IFF is a tool within the broader military action of "Combat Identification (CID), the process of attaining an accurate characterization of detected objects in the operational environment sufficient to support an engagement decision." The broadest characterization is that of friend, enemy, neutral, or unknown. CID not only can reduce friendly fire incidents, but also contributes to overall tactical decision-making. ==History== With the successful deployment of radar systems for air defence during World war II, the combatants were immediately confronted with difficulty in distinguishing friendly aircraft from hostile ones; by that time, aircraft were flown at high speed and altitude, making visual identification impossible, and the targets showed up as featureless blips on the radar screen. This led to incidents such as the "battle of Barking Creek", over Britain, and the "air attack on the fortress of Koepenick", over Germany. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Identification friend or foe」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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